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Poem in your Pocket Day

Canadians across the country have poems in their pockets, from a pretty little haiku to historical epics to the latest pop earworm. Every year new poets give us wonderful and engaging works. But we can’t forget the strong Canadian poetic tradition captured by, among others, Bliss Carman’s romantic odes to landscape, Stephen Leacock’s biting satire, [...]

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NATO: When Canada Really Mattered

On April 4, 1949, the foreign ministers of Canada, the US, the UK, France and eight other countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty. An armed attack on one member would be an armed attack on them all.

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Historical Maps of Toronto: Q&A with Nathan Ng

Historical Maps of Toronto makes hard-to-find maps easily accesible on the web. Nathan Ng, brainchild behind the project, answers a few questions about maps, history and his love for both.

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James Marsh Retires from The Canadian Encyclopedia

The editor in chief of the Canadian Encyclopedia, James H. Marsh, will retire after 33 years of dedication and leadership. He remembers his journey from bookish kid to what he calls “the best job in the country.”

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The History of April Fools’ Day

Our French editor Myriam Fontaine traces the history of April Fools, from its origins in 1534 to its current tradition in Quebec where children “run after the April Fish.”

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Poem in your Pocket Day

Canadians across the country have poems in their pockets, from a pretty little haiku to historical epics to the latest pop earworm. Every year new poets give us wonderful and engaging works. But we can’t forget the strong Canadian poetic tradition captured by, among others, Bliss Carman’s romantic odes to landscape, Stephen Leacock’s biting satire, PK Page’s minimalism, Dionne Brand’s aesthetic activism, and Michael Ondaatje’s ethereal imaginings.

In honour of Poem in your Pocket Day, celebrated across the United States on April 18, here are a few of our favourite Canadian poems that we at The Historica-Dominion Institute keep with us, to be drawn out as necessary, and recited either with a flourish or silently to ourselves. As you can see, we have no problem including the works of Canada’s great songwriters among our favourites.

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Clarice:

The Song My Paddle Sings by E. Pauline Johnson  (1861-1913)

“This poem has paddled its way into my Canadian heart.  I love it because it celebrates the uniquely Canadian love affair with the timeless canoe.”

Zach:

Elegy for Gump Worsley by John K. Samson, from The Weakerthans album, Reunion Tour, 2007.

“This poem perfectly captures the allure of an athlete we can see reflected in ourselves. Human, with flaws, fears, and disappointments. in doing so, it subverts the traditional hero-worship of Canadian hockey fandom.”

Anthony:

Fifty-Mission Cap by Gord Downie, from The Tragically Hip album, Fully Completely, 1992.

“It has a great, true story, and Gord Downie really did learn this from the back of a hockey card, as the song says.  Neat bit of trivia: “Fifty-Mission Cap” refers to a special cap that was awarded to Allied Second World War pilots who had flown 50 missions or more over enemy territory.”

Chantal:

There are Some Men by the inimitable Leonard Cohen, from The Spice-Box of Earth, 1960.

“This poem speaks beautifully of loss, and of paying tribute in quiet celebratory ways to those that have marked your life too deeply to be mourned in conventional ways. Everyone should be so fortunate as to have at least a few people for whom they would name mountains, I know I have.”

Maddy:

The River Pilgrim: A Letter by George Elliott Clarke from Whylah Falls, 1990.

“I discovered George Elliott Clarke’s poetry when I was living in Halifax, and it showed me a part of East Coast Canada I knew very little about: the Black Canadian community of Nova Scotia.  He’s also written some of the most beautiful lines on love and lust I’ve ever read.”

Bronwyn:

The Cremation of Sam McGee by Robert W. Service, from Songs of a Sourdough, 1907.

“This is a classic Canadian poem from “The Bard of the Yukon.” It’s fun to read on your own, but how can you beat listening to the great Johnny Cash give his rendition?”

Jeremy:

Farewell to Annabel by Gordon Lightfoot, from Old Dan’s Records, 1972.

“The greatest living Canadian poet is Gordon Lightfoot. This song is obscure but it’s one of my faves.”

Jill:

Newfoundland by E.J.Pratt, from Newfoundland Verse, 1923.

“I know it’s so boring and obvious to choose a poem about geography. How typically Canadian. But in Newfoundland landscape and weather are undeniably in your face. The wind really does blow consistently and significantly, to the point that it deserves attention in an epic poem. It’s a poem about how a place can shape a people and who can deny that Canadians are shaped by shield and prairie and shoreline?”

Calina:

The School Globe by James Reaney, from Selected Shorter Poems, 1975

“I had to memorize this poem for a Grade 8 poetry assignment and, to this day, over a decade later, I can still recite it by rote. I always loved the unexpected, dark and dramatic turn it takes at the end.”

Brigitte:

Les rendez-vous manqués by Gilles Vigneault, from the album, L’hiver, sung by Claude Léveillée, 1960.

“My mother introduced me to Gilles Vigneault at a very young age. I love poems and songs that can paint a picture in my mind. This poem always spoke to me – we are so busy with our jobs and trying to make more money that we sometime forget about all the little things in our life and how wonderful they can be.”

Myriam:

“Un de mes poèmes préféré est  La nuit de la poétesse québécoise, Anne Hébert. Avec des mots simples, elle a su recréer, je pense, cet abandon dans la nuit…pour moi, qui n’aime que la clarté du jour !”

Who’s in your pocket?

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NATO: When Canada Really Mattered

Founding members of NATO

Founding members of NATO, 1949 (Hulton Archives, HB-7277).

On 4 April 1949, in the auditorium of the State Department on Washington’s Constitution Avenue, the foreign ministers of Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and eight other countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty. An armed attack on one member, the treaty’s Article 5 pledged, would be an armed attack on them all.

The leading historian of the event called it a Second American Revolution, radically transforming United States foreign policy. It was no less a revolution for Canada. North America was engaging itself in the security of Europe for the long haul.

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Historical Maps of Toronto: Q&A with Nathan Ng

A topographical map of Toronto in 1818.

This 1818 topographical map of York shows that the land north of Queen Street was mostly forest and farmland (J.R. Robertson’s Landmarks of Toronto).

Maps! These visual, information-rich records show us where we are and where we’ve been. What would we do without them? Nathan Ng, a self-described “non-professional historian” certainly understands their importance. His past efforts have made the Goad’s Atlas, a detailed Victorian-era fire insurance map of Toronto, available to the internet masses at Goad’s Atlas – Online!. His most recent project, Historical Maps of Toronto, continues the work of bringing Toronto’s cartographic history to the web, with digitized maps from the 1858 Boulton Atlas of Toronto, the Alpheus Todd map of 1834 and many, many more. We picked Nathan’s brain about his love for maps, the Historical Maps of Toronto project, and his thoughts on the internet’s role in history education. (more…)

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National Myths and Dreams

CPR-last-spike

The driving of the last spike – one of the most famous and iconic photos in Canadian history (photo by Ross Best & Co, courtesy Library and Archives Canada).

A nation is a group of people who share the same illusions about themselves. Academics call it imagining a community. Vancouver cyberpunk novelist William Gibson calls it “consensual hallucination.” Whatever you call it, April Fools seems like a good opportunity to think about some of the illusions Canadians have about ourselves.

One illusion we share is that we don’t know enough about our own history. The arrival of Canada Day invariably brings with it another poll showing how few Canadians can name three prime ministers, or know the words to the national anthem, or some other piece of national esoterica. The implication being a) this is a bad thing and b) people in other countries know more. Both these assumptions are wrong. The same polls, with the same results, appear with regularity in the United States and I imagine in other countries as well. Canadians may not know much history, but neither does anyone else.

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James Marsh Retires from The Canadian Encyclopedia

James Marsh speaking at Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto at the launch of the Junior Encyclopedia of Canada in September 1990.

Speaking at Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto at the launch of the Junior Encyclopedia of Canada in September 1990.

I really had the best job in the country, as editor of Canada’s national encyclopedia.

It was kismet for a boy whose irritated mother sarcastically called him “know it all!” As a kid in West End Toronto, I was obsessed with the only two books in our house, a one-volume encyclopedia and a small pocket dictionary my father carried with him in the war. I memorized maps and capitals and painters’ names from the encyclopedia—30 years out of date as it turned out. My father, who claimed to have memorized the whole dictionary, would rouse me from sleep in the middle of the night and make me query him on definitions (I had to be diplomatic about wrong answers as he was an agitated man when drunk and accused of error).

Another happenstance struck when a misguided teacher in high school determined to punish me by sentencing me to the school library to hand copy articles from Encyclopedia Britannica. Bliss.

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Courons le Poisson d’avril!

Courons le Poisson d’avril
Sans certitude aucune, on croit que la journée du Poisson d’avril remonte en 1534 alors que le roi de France, Charles IX, changea le calendrier, pour que l’année débute alors le 1er janvier au lieu du traditionnel 1er avril.

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The History of April Fools’ Day

april-fools

This postcard suggests that you can be cordial and sweet with someone, but hide your own rotten feelings towards them.

Although we can’t be certain, we believe that April Fool’s Day dates back to 1534 when King Charles IX of France changed the calendar so the year would begin on January 1st rather than the traditional April 1st.

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The History of Bears in Toronto

peter-the-great-cage

Toronto World, February 23, 1913

[Editor's note: Excitement overtook Toronto on Monday as two giant pandas, on loan from China, arrived by FedEx, beginning their ten-year stay in Canada (five years in Toronto followed by another five years in Calgary). Toronto is no stranger to bears. In the 1800s bears were known to wander the city's streets, and Bay Street was popularly referred to as "Bear Street." Revisit these early bear-filled  days in this original post from Heritage Toronto]

Though bears no longer wander Toronto’s streets, they once did. In his 1873 book Toronto of Old, Toronto historian Henry Scadding claims that Bay Street was popularly referred to as “Bear Street” in the early 1800s “from a noted chase given to a bear out of the adjoining wood on the north, which, to escape from its pursuers, made for the water along this route.” Scadding also describes a wandering bear being attacked by G. D’Arcy Boulton‘s horses at The Grange, as well as an incident in 1809 on George Street in which a bear was killed by “Lieut. Fawcett, of the 100th regiment, who cleft the creature’s head open with his sword.”

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Double Take: Portraits of Intriguing Canadians

Leonard Cohen, photographed in 1972 © Arnaud Maggs. Reproduced with the permission of Susan Hobbs.

Leonard Cohen, photographed in 1972 © Arnaud Maggs. Reproduced with the permission of Susan Hobbs.

Double Take, a new exhibition from the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Gatineau, challenges preconceived notions about 59 Canadians, capturing them in unexpected poses and situations, some real and others imagined. There’s a portrait of the usually suave Leonard Cohen looking like a streetwise Al Pacino and another of Adrienne Clarkson looking luscious, wrapped in an exotic scarf. The painting, Out for Fun (Dione Quintuplets), by Andrew Loomis imagines a scene that likely never took place: the Dionne quintuplets singing and cooking wieners around a campfire, the picture of a happy, carefree childhood that’s worlds away from their actual exploited childhood. The various identities of Sir John A. Macdonald give insight into the many sides of Canada’s first prime minister: Macdonald is presented as a cartoon, a political saviour, and also an object of affection, his picture tucked away in a locket.

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Canada Soup: Molson Makes Us Ask, Who Are We?

A new Molson Canadian advertisement has taken the internet by storm, reaching 1 million views on YouTube before even premiering on television. The ad has generated a flurry of opinions. Is it patriotic? Should we celebrate it? Is it pandering or cynical? Who are we as Canadians? What’s clear is that it’s not a sequel to Molson’s much-loved Joe Canadian ad – or is it? [Huffington Post]

Double Take, a new exhibition from the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Gatineau, challenges our preconceived notions about famous Canadians. There’s a portrait of the usually suave Leonard Cohen looking like a streetwise Al Pacino and another of Adrienne Clarkson striking a gorgeous model pose. 59 Canadians are featured.  [Ottawa Citizen]

17 years ago, the world’s last de Havilland Mosquito crashed at an air show, killing the two men onboard and the one-of-a-kind Mosquito. Aircraft lovers feared it was the end of the wooden wonder, but a recent multimillion-dollar restoration of an old Mosquito, found on an Alberta farm, has taken flight and will see a homecoming to an air show in Hamilton this spring. The Mosquito buzzes once more! [Canada]

It’s Canada Water Week! The average Canadian consumes nearly 6,400 litres of water everyday, and almost 90% of it is embedded in the food we eat, the clothes we wear and the products we use. Learn about the events in your community and discover some handy facts that will wow your dinner guests with this fact sheet. And check out this incredible UK website on water consumption [Canada Water Week]

From 1934 to 1979, a street photographer named Foncie Pulice would set up his camera on Vancouver’s sidewalks and snap photos of people walking by. His work, encompassing thousands of photos, is a visual history of Vancouver, and his story will be told in a new documentary. Those who were lucky enough to be photographed by Pulice are encouraged to submit their photos to a website called Foncie’s Corner, created by B.C.’s Knowledge Network. [The Province]

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Rooks of Hazard: The True Adventures of Binkley and Doinkel

Binkley and Doinkel Comic.

Binkley and Doinkel Comic.

After the sweeping Hazardous Products Act of 1971 was authored by Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau’s ruling Liberal Party, it fell to the Ministry of Consumer and Corporate Affairs (CCA) to educate and inform the public as to its finer points, including the creation of the new Hazardous Product Symbols: four icons that were to appear on the labels of items which contained corrosive, flammable, poisonous, or explosive materials. And who better to educate young people about these au courant symbols than a pair of inquisitive little green aliens named Binkley and Doinkel, and their lone Earth companion, a talking dog named Sniffer!
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The 10th Anniversary of the Iraq Invasion

This week marks the 10th anniversary of the invasion of Iraq, when US-led troops entered the city of Baghdad with the goal of  toppling Saddam Hussein’s regime and destroying the country’s weapons of mass destruction. The invasion was relatively brief: Baghdad fell weeks later, and on May 1 then-U.S. president George W. Bush declared that the mission was accomplished. The weapons of mass destruction were not found, but the goal of the invasion shifted to stabilizing Iraq and solidifying it as a Western ally. The invasion and occupation claimed the lives of 4,487 U.S. combat troops, 179 UK servicemen and women, between 97,461 and 106,348 Iraqi civilians and displaced an estimated 1.6 million Iraqis. The invasion cost the U.S. between from $802 billion to $3 trillion (figures from the BBC).

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Canada Soup: Lobsters, Child Prodigies & the Underground Railroad

Five-year-old piano prodigy Ryan Wang from B.C. will play Carnegie Hall this year along with a stint with the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra. [CBC]

What is Canada’s largest seafood export? No, not beavers… it’s lobsters! The crustacean accounted for $1billion of the country’s overall seafood exports last year. [Globe & Mail]

Eight rare historic photographs of Louis Riel were discovered amongst civil war memorabilia at a recent Australian auction. Taken during the 1860s and 1870s, they give a rare window into life in the Red River settlement. The photographs are now part of the special collections at the University of Manitoba. [CBC]

Astronaut and avid tweeter Chris Hadfield made history this week when he became the first Canadian commander of the International Space Station. The brief ceremony included a broadcast of ‘O Canada’! [CTV]

The Pacific Northwest has long been thought to be untainted by slavery. But a fascinating new book, Free Boy: A True Story of Slave and Master on Puget Sound, tells the story of escaped slave 12-year-old Charles Mitchell, who was smuggled to pre-Confederation Victoria from Olympia, Puget Sound – a rare and moving example of the Underground Railroad at work on the Pacific frontier [Canada]

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St. Patrick’s Day: Irish Music in Canada

St. Patrick depicted in a stained glass window at St. Benin's Church, Ireland (image by Andreas F. Borchert)

St. Patrick depicted in a stained glass window at St. Benin’s Church, Ireland (image by Andreas F. Borchert)

St. Patrick’s Day is March 17, the date of Patrick’s death. While it has come to be a secular celebration of Irish culture and, perhaps, more identified with nationalist and Republican sentiment, it began as a religious feast day. It was an official Protestant holiday in Ireland beginning in 1783. Probably by no coincidence it came during Lent where an exception to the prohibition on celebratory eating and drinking alcohol was welcomed and led to the embrace of St. Patrick’s Day by all. Four Christian denominations observe the holiday: Anglican, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Lutheran.

St. Patrick himself, the patron saint of Ireland, goes back to AD 387-461 and the arrival of Roman Catholic Christianity in Ireland. Then there’s the thing about the snakes but we won’t go there.

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Everybody’s Irish on St. Patrick’s Day

history of st patricks day (public domain).

Early Irish immigrants carrying all their possessions from their homeland (photo by Bruce Catton, public domain).

Father of Confederation D’Arcy McGee. Benjamin Cronyn, first Anglican bishop of Huron. Edward Blake, Ontario’s second premier. Eugene O’Keefe, founder of O’Keefe Brewing Co. Former Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Jean Charest, premier of Quebec. Former senator Eugene Whelan.

These prominent Canadians have more in common than a place in Canadian history. They, like nearly four million Canadians, are of Irish heritage. Perhaps the luck o’ the Irish contributed to their success! When we observe St. Patrick’s Day on March 17, we do more than honour St. Patrick, who promoted Christianity in Ireland; we celebrate the Irish presence in Canadian history.

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